Washington State Ferries Vessels & Terminals - Vessel conditions

FY2024

Nineteen percent of WSF's fleet in a State of Good Repair

The State of Good Repair target for each vessel is defined, in part, by them having fewer than 20% of systems overdue for replacement or rehabilitation. How much reoccurring maintenance is completed also contributes to the overall SOGR for vessels, with a target of 80% preventative maintenance completion. Both percentages are relative to the total number of systems onboard each vessel.

As of June 2024, four (19%) of 21 vessels met the agency targets for State of Good Repair, well below the agency goal of 90% defined in the WSF Vessel Asset Management Plan. It also marked the lowest percentage of vessels in a SOGR since the plan was developed in FY2019, and was down from eight vessels in a SOGR in FY2023.

While all 21 vessels met the goal of 20% or fewer systems overdue for replacement or rehabilitation, overall vessel SOGR was negatively affected by the agency missing the target for reoccurring maintenance, with a recorded fleetwide completion rate of 65.2% in FY2024. WSF launched a new asset management system in early 2024 and not all completed maintenance work was captured during the transition to the new system. The actual amount of reoccurring maintenance work completed was higher than recorded. The incomplete data partially accounts for the decline in the percentage of vessels in a SOGR.

Washington State Ferries is taking steps to ensure that all completed preventative maintenance is accurately recorded going forward.

Vessels Asset Management Plan highlights preservation

WSF's investment strategy for the next six years is to maintain as many vessels as possible in a SOGR with available funding. Current preservation needs will be prioritized over improvement, and funding will be directed to keep all 21 vessels operating and within regulatory compliance—any remaining preservation funding will then be used to reduce the preservation backlog. The preservation backlog reduction will focus on areas of greatest risk and need as opposed to addressing assets on specific vessels or classes of vessels.

If 100% of preservation funds ($250 million) identified in the 2024 biennial budget are programmed and utilized, WSF predicts 31.7% (by replacement cost) of its vessel systems fleetwide will not be in a SOGR by the end of FY2033. If the preservation funding level is reduced to 80% ($200 million), the percentage of vessel systems not in SOGR is predicted to increase to 45.4% by the end of FY2033. If the preservation funding level is reduced to 50% ($125 million), the projected vessel systems not in a SOGR would be 65.9% by the end of FY2033. The projections will likely change in the future with project costs increasing and lack of adequate funding.

WSF plans major preservation projects for the 2025-2027 biennium

Following its investment strategy to maintain regulatory compliance, WSF has the following major preservation projects planned for the 2025-2027 biennium:

• Jumbo Mark II propulsion controls replacement ($20.2 million): These vessels' propulsion controls and monitoring systems have reached the end of their service lives and can no longer be supported. WSF completed the upgrade design work in the 2019-2021 biennium and procured materials in the 2021-2023 biennium. In the 2023-2025 biennium work has started on the M/V Wenatchee with work on the M/V Tacoma and M/V Puyallup scheduled to start in the 2023-2025 and 2025-2027 biennia, respectively.
• M/V Spokane drydock and preservation ($6.8 million): This Jumbo class vessel has an 11% preservation backlog and will receive regulatory drydocking inspections. Preservation work planned during this period includes renewing underwater hull anti-foulant coatings, shaft seal element replacement, rudder inspection, fuels system upgrades and steering control system replacement.
• M/V Suquamish preservation ($3.9 million): This Olympic class vessel has an 8% preservation backlog and will receive regulatory drydocking inspections. Preservation work planned during this period includes renewing underwater hull anti-foulant coatings, shaft seal element replacement, rudder inspection, propeller hub renewals and stern tube repairs.
• M/V Issaquah drydock and preservation ($7.5 million): This Issaquah class vessel has an 18% preservation backlog and will receive regulatory drydocking inspections. Preservation work planned during this period includes renewing underwater hull anti-foulant coatings, shaft seal element replacement, propeller blade replacement, rudder inspection, reduction gear overhaul and steering control system replacement.
• M/V Kitsap drydock and preservation ($9.7 million): This Issaquah class vessel has a 10% preservation backlog and will receive regulatory drydocking inspections. Preservation work planned during this period includes renewing underwater hull anti-foulant coatings, exterior passenger deck coating renewals, shaft seal element replacement, propeller blade replacement, rudder inspection, reduction gear overhaul and steering control system replacement.
• M/V Walla Walla ($5.4 million): This Jumbo class vessel has a 11% preservation backlog and will receive regulatory drydocking inspections. Preservation work planned during this period includes renewing underwater hull anti-foulant coatings, shaft seal element replacement, rudder inspection, fuels system upgrades and steering control system replacement.
• M/V Kennewick ($5 million): This Kwa Di Tabil class vessel has a 14% preservation backlog and will receive regulatory drydocking inspections. Preservation work planned during this period includes renewing underwater hull anti-foulant coatings, sewage tank coating renewals, propeller hub replacement, rudder inspections, exterior lighting fixture renewal and video monitoring system replacement.
• M/V Yakima ($5.5 million): This Super class vessel has a 12% preservation backlog and will receive regulatory drydocking inspections. Preservation work planned during this period includes renewing underwater hull anti-foulant coatings, vehicle deck steel renewal, vehicle deck coating system renewals, rudder inspections, shaft seal element replacements, and passenger deck coating renewals.

WSF faces challenges as it looks to address preservation issues

While WSF continues working on much-needed preservation projects, the following challenges remain:

• There is a limited number of contractors and skilled maritime labor in the region that can support WSF and other maritime customers in the Puget Sound area (fishing industry, commercial maritime industry, US Coast Guard and US Navy).
• Shipyard capacity in the region is limited. Everett Ship Repair is one of two area shipyards that can support drydocking WSF's largest vessels (Jumbo, Jumbo MK II, Super, and Olympic classes). Dakota Creek Industries shipyard is the smallest of the three area shipyards that can support WSF. Vessels larger than the Olympic class cannot be drydocked at DCI but this yard has a synchro-lift capable of lifting the Kwa-Di Tabil Class vessels.
• Vigor Seattle Shipyard is the largest of the area shipyards, but also the most expensive of the three Puget Sound area shipyards. While Vigor remains competitive in the Puget Sound ship repair industry, they have signed multiple multi-year contracts with the US Navy that limits both their available drydock space and workforces capable of supporting WSF vessel preservation needs.
• All three area shipyards are also busy with fishing and commercial maritime industry projects, which limits the availability and timing of WSF projects they are willing to bid on. All the shipyards are dealing with workforce shortages that impact their capabilities and continue to increase both pricing and the time required to complete projects.
• Many of WSF's vessels have one or more critical systems that are considered obsolete. However, biennial budgets have not been sufficient to accommodate replacing any of these systems. Continued lack of preservation funding has prevented WSF from completing these larger long-term projects, several of which have been on hold since the 2011-2013 biennium. Replacing WSF's oldest vessels will not resolve these issues as many of the vessels (Jumbo Class, Issaquah Class) will continue operating though the 2030s and into the 2040s. The current level of preservation funding limits work to keeping all vessels within regulatory compliance. Additional funding is required for multiple biennia to support replacement of obsolete critical equipment.

Vessel availability remains a challenge for the agency. WSF lacks the spare vessel capacity to maintain full service while meeting regulatory inspection requirements and conducting needed preservation projects. At the same time, ongoing service demands constrain the amount of time available to complete necessary preservation work.

FY2023

Thirty-eight percent of WSF's fleet in a State of Good Repair

As of June 2023, eight of 21 vessels (38%) met the agency targets for State of Good Repair, well below the agency goal of 90% set by the WSF Vessel Asset Management Plan. The SOGR preservation target for each vessel is defined, in part, as having fewer than 20% of systems that are overdue for replacement or rehabilitation. The percentage is relative to the total number of systems onboard each vessel. Six vessels in the fleet had between 20% and 25% of systems overdue for replacement or rehabilitation in FY2023.

Vessels Asset Management Plan highlights preservation

WSF's investment strategy for the next six years is to maintain as many vessels as possible in a SOGR with available funding. Current preservation needs will be prioritized over improvement, and funding will be directed to keep all 21 vessels operating and within regulatory compliance—any remaining preservation funding will then be used to reduce the preservation backlog. The preservation backlog reduction will focus on areas of greatest need versus specific vessels or classes of vessels.

WSF plans major preservation projects for the 2023-2025 biennium

Following its investment strategy to maintain regulatory compliance, WSF has the following major preservation projects planned for the 2023-2025 biennium:

• Jumbo Mark II propulsion controls replacement ($17.9 million): These vessels' propulsion controls and monitoring systems have reached the end of their service lives and can no longer be supported. WSF completed the upgrade design work in the 2019-2021 biennium and procured materials in the 2021-2023 biennium. In the 2023-2025 biennium work has started on the M/V Wenatchee with the M/V Tacoma and M/V Puyallup scheduled to start in the 2023-2025 and 2025-2027 biennia, respectively.
• M/V Tillikum drydock and preservation ($15 million): This is the only remaining Evergreen State class vessel at 65 years of age. It has a 22% preservation backlog. WSF completed one of two major 2023-2025 biennium planned preservation periods ($ 7.1 million) in October 2023, a regulatory drydocking inspection that included underwater hull preservation and anti-fouling renewal, selective bilge painting, exterior topside painting, and propulsion drive chain renewal of shaft bearings, propellers, and rudders. The second period ($7.9 million), planned for October 2024, will be a dockside preservation and WSF plans to complete vehicle deck coating renewal, LED lighting installation, and additional mechanical work below decks, including engine operating station HVAC. The completed and planned preservation work in the 2023-2025 biennium is expected to allow the vessel to continue operation for the balance of the planned life cycle with minimal capital investment.
• M/V Yakima preservation ($3.6 million): This Super class vessel has completed routine regulatory drydocking and inspections. Preservation work completed during this period included the renewal of several piping systems, structural steel modification and renewal, deck painting, boiler replacement, vehicle deck LED lighting installation, and coating renewal of the potable water and sewage tanks.
• M/V Walla Walla drydock and preservation ($2.1 million): This Jumbo class vessel completed regulatory drydocking and inspections in conjunction with emergency repairs related to the vessel's loss of a propeller blade. Preservation work during the drydocking included painting the underwater hull and select areas of the bilges, and life extension work on sprinkler system piping.
• M/V Sealth drydock and preservation ($9.4 million): This Issaquah class vessel had one of the highest preservation backlogs (26%) and received significant preservation investment. Work included regulatory drydocking inspections, propeller hub replacement, reduction gear overhaul, boiler service, piping renewals, anti-fouling coating system renewal on the underwater hull and select bilge locations, rudder overhaul, engine room ventilation intake steel renewals, and passenger cabin renewal.
• M/V Puyallup ($15 million): This Jumbo MK II class vessel has a 21% preservation backlog and will complete regulatory drydocking inspections, with preservation work including coating system renewals to the Texas deck, rescue boat pockets, pickle forks, underwater hull and select bilge locations, as well as LED navigation lighting installation, security system renewal, shaft bearing replacement, and data center HVAC replacement. WSF will also complete several items in preparation for the vessel's conversion to Hybrid Electric. This preservation work will increase the agency's SOGR by reducing the preservation backlog.
• M/V Issaquah ($12 million): This Issaquah class vessel has a 21% preservation backlog. To reduce the backlog, WSF plans regulatory drydocking inspections with the following preservation work planned: coating system renewals to the steering gear rooms, lower vehicle deck, pickle forks, underwater hull and select bilge locations, as well as passenger cabin overhauls, piping renewals, and reduction gear overhaul.

WSF faces challenges as it looks to address preservation issues

While WSF continues working on much-needed preservation projects, the following challenges remain:

• There is a limited number of contractors and skilled maritime labor in the region that can support WSF and other maritime customers in the Puget Sound area (Fishing Industry, Commercial Maritime Industry, US Coast Guard and US Navy).
• Shipyard capacity in the region is limited. Everett Ship Repair is one of two area shipyards that can support drydocking our largest vessels (Jumbo and Jumbo MK II-class). Dakota Creek Industries (DCI) shipyard is the smallest of the three area shipyards that can support WSF. Vessels larger than the Olympic class cannot be drydocked at DCI. This yard has a synchro-lift capable of lifting the Kwa-Di Tabil Class vessels.
• Vigor Seattle Shipyard is the largest of the area shipyards. While it remains competitive in the Puget Sound ship repair industry, it has signed multiple multi-year contracts with the US Navy that limits both its available drydock space and workforces capable of supporting WSF vessel preservation needs.
• All three area shipyards are busy with fishing and commercial maritime industry projects, which limits the availability and timing of WSF projects they are willing to bid on. All of the shipyards suffer from workforce shortages that impact their capabilities and continue to increase both pricing and the time required to complete projects.

Vessel availability remains a challenge for the agency. WSF lacks the spare vessel capacity to maintain full service while meeting regulatory inspection requirements and conducting needed preservation projects. Service demands constrain the amount of time available to complete preservation work.

FY2022

Sixty-two percent of WSF's fleet in State of Good Repair; annual preservation gap projected to continue increasing

As of June 2022, 13 of 21 vessels (62%) met the agency targets for State of Good Repair. This did not achieve the agency goal of 90% that is required by the Vessel Asset Management Plan. The SOGR preservation target for each vessel is defined as having fewer than 20% of systems that are overdue for replacement or rehabilitation. The percentage is relative to the total number of systems onboard each vessel. Eight vessels in the fleet (38%) had between 20% and 25% of systems overdue for replacement or rehabilitation and were not in a SOGR in FY2022.

Vessels asset management plan highlights preservation

WSF's investment strategy for the next six years is to maintain as many vessels as possible in a SOGR with available funding. Preservation will be prioritized over improvement, and funding will be directed as required to keep all 21 vessels operating and within regulatory compliance—any remaining preservation funding will then be directed toward vessels at the mid-point of their service lives. This includes the Issaquah, Jumbo, and Jumbo Mark II classes.

WSF is not directing discretionary funding toward newer Olympic and Kwa-di Tabil classes and as a result, the preservation backlog will likely increase for these vessels. Discretionary funding will also not be directed at the Super class vessels M/V Kaleetan and M/V Yakima. As a result, any unforeseen deficiencies on these vessels could require them being removed from service.

WSF plans major preservation projects in the 2021-2023 biennium

Following its investment strategy in an effort to maintain regulatory compliance, WSF has the following major preservation projects (defined as those costing over $5 million) planned for the 2021-2023 biennium:

• Jumbo Mark II Propulsion Controls Replacement ($17.9 million): The propulsion controls and monitoring systems on these vessels have reached the end of their service lives and cannot be supported. WSF completed the upgrade design in the 2019-2021 biennium, and materials were procured. Work on the M/V Wenatchee and M/V Tacoma is scheduled to occur in the 2023-2025 biennium.
• M/V Tacoma Drydock & Preservation ($6.2 million): This Jumbo Mark II class vessel will receive routine drydock inspections, extensive underwater body repairs and painting, selected bilge and topside painting, vehicle deck repairs, fire screen door replacement, propulsion shaft bearing renewals and propulsion control system updates.
• M/V Chelan Preservation ($6.3 million): WSF's only remaining vessel certified for international service will receive an underwater body inspection, vehicle deck steel repairs, renewal of deck coatings, fire main and sewage piping repairs, and an overhaul of a propulsion reduction gear.
• M/V Samish Drydock and Preservation ($3.2 million): This Olympic class vessel will receive routine dry-docking and inspections, extensive stern tube repairs, complete rudder overhauls and repair, propeller hub exchanges, and bilge preservation.
• M/V Tillikum Drydock and Preservation ($20 million): This Evergreen State class vessel will receive a major preservation investment to extend its life another 10 years due to lack of new vessels. Scheduled work includes routine dry-docking and inspections, propulsion shaft bearings renewals, shaft coupling replacement, complete rudder overhauls and repair, motor generator overhauls, vehicle and shelter deck steel replacement, extensive underwater body repairs and coatings, complete topside preservation of all exterior surfaces, and extensive bilge preservation.
• M/V Yakima and M/V Kaleetan Drydock and Preservation ($15 million-$20 million per vessel): This work is under review, however, recommended at this point. The vessel class will receive a major preservation investment to extend its life another 5-10 years due to a lack of new vessels. Work scheduled would be similar to M/V Tillikum.

WSF faces challenges as it looks to address preservation issues

While WSF continues working on much-needed preservation projects, the following challenges remain:

Reliance on federal funds: The over-reliance on federal funding for the vessel preservation program is increasingly problematic. Restrictions on international purchases and competitive procurement requires specialized attention and contracting approaches to ensure compliance. New Buy America rules effective in November 2022 have further restricted WSF's ability to purchase manufactured products and have increased its reliance on state funds to address critical preservation maintenance items.

Shipyard capacity: The number of qualified shipyards has fluctuated during the last year; one local shipyard closed, and a new shipyard has started the process of becoming certified for WSF contract work. Foss Shipyard in Seattle recently went out of business, and Snow Marine on Lake Union recently applied for certification as a Prequalified WSF contractor for dockside preservation work, but cannot perform underwater repairs. Everett Ship Repair, which was previously established, has taken on several WSF preservation contracts over the last two years. Dakota Creek Industries shipyard received state approval for its apprenticeship program, making that Anacortesbased business eligible for WSF preservation contracts. Vigor remains competitive in the Puget Sound ship repair industry; however, it has signed multiyear contracts with the US Navy which are limiting its available drydock space for WSF vessels. All shipyards in Puget Sound are suffering from workforce shortages which have impacted their capabilities and project throughput.

Vessel availability: WSF does not have enough spare vessels to cover service while meeting preservation and regulatory inspection requirements. The situation worsened in the 2021- 2023 biennium due to ship repairs that exceed the normal timelines, in particular M/V Wenatchee (onboard fire because of a crankcase explosion), M/V Tokitae (gear box complications), M/V Chimacum (failed gearbox as a result of a manufacturer default) and M/V Cathlamet (collision with dock). Drydock times are also extended because of continued labor shortages at shipyards.

FY2021

Fifty-seven percent of WSF's fleet in State of Good Repair; annual preservation gap projected to continue increasing

As of June 2021, 12 of 21 vessels (57%) met the agency preservation targets for State of Good Repair, missing the agency goal of 90%. The State of Good Repair preservation target for each vessel is defined as having fewer than 20% of life-cycle cost items that are overdue for investment (replacement or rehabilitation). The remaining nine vessels in the fleet had between 20% and 25% of systems overdue.

Vessels asset management plan highlights preservation

WSF's investment strategy for the next six years seeks to maintain as any vessels as possible in a State of Good Repair with available funding. Preservation will be prioritized over improvement, and funding will bedirected as required to keep all 21 vessels within regulatory compliance.

Any remaining preservation funding will then be directed toward vessels at the mid-point of their service lives. This includes the Issaquah, Jumbo, and Jumbo Mark II classes. No discretionary funding is directed toward newer Olympic and Kwa-di Tabil classes, so the preservation backlog will likely increase for these vessels. Discretionary funding will not be directed at WSF's oldest vessels, which include the Evergreen State class M/V Tillikum and Super class vessels M/V Kaleetan and M/V Yakima. As a result, any unforeseen deficiencies on these vessels could require removal from service pending reallocation of agency funding.

WSF plans major preservation projects in the 2021-2023 biennium

Following its investment strategy in an effort to maintain regulatory compliance, WSF has the following major preservation projects (defined as those costing over $5 million) planned for the 2021-2023 biennium:

• Jumbo Mark II Propulsion Controls Replacement ($17.9 million): The propulsion controls and monitoring systems on these vessels have reached the end of their service lives and cannot be supported. WSF completed the upgrade design in the 2019-2021 biennium, and materials were procured. Work on the M/V Wenatchee and M/V Tacoma is scheduled to occur in the 2021-2023 biennium.
• M/V Walla Walla Drydock & Preservation ($10.4 million): This Jumbo class vessel will receive routine drydock inspections, extensive underwater body repairs and painting, selected bilge and topside painting, vehicle deck repairs, fire screen door replacement, and propulsion control system updates.
• M/V Chelan Preservation ($6.3 million): WSF's only remaining vessel certified for international service will receive an underwater body inspection, vehicle deck steel repairs, deck covering renewal, fire main and sewage piping repairs, overhaul of the No. 1 propulsion reduction gear and electrical switchboard renewal.
• M/V Kittitas Drydock and Preservation ($6.3 million): This Issaquah class vessel will receive routine dry-docking and inspections, hull and stern tube repairs, wet space deck covering renewal, bilge preservation, vehicle deck steel replacement, fire main and sewage piping renewal, propeller hub replacement and rudder system overhaul.

FY2020

Twenty-nine percent of WSF's fleet not in State of Good Repair; annual preservation gap projected to increase

In FY2020, six (29%) of the 21 vessels in the WSF fleet missed the target for State of Good Repair (having fewer than 20% of vessel systems overdue for replacement or rehabilitation). Of the remaining 15 vessels in the fleet, eight (38%) had 10%-20% of systems overdue, and seven (33%) had less than 10% of systems overdue.

WSF's average annual gap between preservation needs and funding for vessel preservation is expected to be $71.6 million per fiscal year for the 10-year period from 2021 to 2030. This is the average amount that the preservation backlog will increase each year assuming aging vessels are not decommissioned and replaced. WSF faces challenges in keeping pace with preservation requirements due to limited capital funding, an insufficient number of spare vessels (to relieve vessels taken out of service for preservation), and a limited number of shipyards available to complete ferry maintenance in the region.